Background: Considering that ethnicity and gestational age (GA) could affect the value of nuchal fold thickness (NFT) in mid‑ trimester, we aimed to determine the reference intervals of NFT values for each gestational week from 16 to 24 weeks of pregnancy among a group of Iranian pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this cross‑ sectional study, medical files of pregnant women who underwent fetal anomaly scanning at 16– 24 weeks of gestation were reviewed and the following data were extracted: GA, value of NFT, value of nuchal translucency (NT) in their previous ultrasound study, if available, and head circumference (HC). The 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of NFT for each gestational week were determined. The association between NFT and HC, GA, and NT were also determined. Results: Medical files of 882 pregnant women were studied. The expected 95th percentile value of NFT between 16th and 24th weeks of gestation ranged from 4 mm to 5. 9 mm. The mean (standard deviation) of NFT increased with GA from 2. 67 (0. 90) mm at 16th weeks to 4. 69 (0. 71) mm at 24th weeks. There was a significant positive association between NFT and GA (β = 1. 11, P < 0. 001), HC (β = 0. 21, P < 0. 001), and NT (β = 0. 351, P < 0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that before the 20th week of gestation, the appropriate cutoff value of NFT is 5 mm, and for 21st to 24th weeks, the proper cutoff is 6 mm. However, for providing more conclusive results, further studies with larger Sample size and considering the impact of other influencing variables are recommended.

It is always attempted to reduce the costs of comminution in mineral processing plants. One of the difficulties in size reduction section is not to be designed properly. The key factor to design size reduction units such as crushers and grinding mills, is ore’s work index. The work index, wi, presents the ore grindability, and is used in Bond formula to calculate the required energy. Bond has defined a specific relationship between some parameters which is applied to calculate wi, which are control screen, fine particles produced, feed and product d80.In this research work, a high grade copper Sample from Miduk copper concentrator was prepared, and its work index values were experimentally estimated, using different control screens, 600, 425, 212, 150, 106 and 75 microns. The obtained results from the tests showed two different behaviors in fine production. According to these two trends the required models were then defined to present the fine mass calculation using control screen. In next step, an equation was presented in order to calculate Miduk copper ore work index for any size. In addition to verify the model creditability, a test using 300 microns control screen was performed and its result was compared with calculated ones using defined model, which showed a good fit. Finally the experimental and calculated values were compared and their relative error was equal to 4.11% which is an indication of good fit for the results.

The Qur'an contains religious values ​​for the advancement of man to happiness. The claim is that Quranic teachings are the basis of religious values; By choosing it better, the method of proving religious beliefs can be extracted. This research tries to extract the method of proving religious beliefs with a business approach and by using artistic forms with a descriptive and analytical method and with a better selection of Quranic teachings. Based on the verses, the process was defined as the introduction to the institutionalization of religious values ​​in the businessman 1- Gaining self-knowledge (knowing the talents, capacities, existential dimensions and position of man in the universe); 2- Gaining monotheistic insight (knowing the origin and your relationship with the Creator); 3- Reciprocity is (knowing the destination and drawing the path of happiness in the universe). After the realization of these three stages, the beliefs must be proven through rational and scientific reasoning and penetrate, in this case, the acceptance of good qualities in the businessman will be facilitated.

Introduction: Social responsibility from an ethical point of view includes the obligations and duties of natural and legal persons towards society and the environment. The moral behavior of people, like understanding of social responsibility, depends on their liberal ideology, beliefs and human values. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study the relationship between liberalism and human values with the moral understanding of social responsibility. Material & Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational survey. The statistical population includes the financial managers of the companies admitted to the stock exchange, and the questionnaire was randomly distributed among them and 110 questionnaires were received. The sampling method is random. The research tool is a questionnaire and multivariate regression using SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The research results show that human values based on public interest have a significant and positive relationship with the moral understanding of social responsibility. But the thinking of liberalism does not have a meaningful relationship with the moral understanding of social responsibility. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, human values based on public interest can be considered as a tool to strengthen the moral behavior of company managers regarding corporate social responsibility. Also, improving the thinking of liberalism in managers can strengthen their social responsibility. In this case, the policy makers of Stock Exchange can direct the managers of the listed companies to comply more with the social responsibility of the company, through teaching human values and strengthening those values, as well as monitoring the implementation of ethical regulations

This research is an attempt to study the causes of change in values of the family in the city of Bukan. It also seeks to determine the social factors that might have impacted these values. The research is of survey-method using the questionnaire technique. The unit of analysis is the individual and the level of analysis is micro. The statistical population consists of all family members of 15-year age and older in Bukan. The Sample size is 394 persons and sampling method is multistage cluster sampling. The assessment tool was a questionnaire containing 67 questions. The results show that among other independent variables, internal capital has the most influence on the values of the family especially modem values, being significant on the level of 0.01; that is with increase of internal capital of the family, the modern values of family will increase and traditional values will decline. Among other variables affecting modem values, an orientation toward universalism has a significant and positive effect on family values at 0.01 level. The impact of external capital on modern values of the families is also positive and significant. The results of the research denote that there is no any relationship between socio- economic status of family and its values. These results also show that traditional values of family still exert a powerful influence over the family and that modern values are also forming step by step and gradually in the family.

Scientific scepticism, fundamentally, questions the veracity and epistemic value of claims not supported by scientific evidence. Motivated by the assumption that only the empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth, the scientific sceptics often maintain that only scientific method is best suited for this purpose. Claims found to be wanting in scientific evidence are considered untrue, and of little or no epistemic consequence. Using the analytical and critical methods, this paper interrogates this epistemic criterion of justification of scientific scepticism. It shows the inherent epistemic deficits in this criterion of the scientific sceptics, and how absolutizing its demands in such a manner as to undermine the veracity and epistemic significance of claims outside the mainstream discipline of science is not only to entrap themselves in many epistemic burdens, but also to sink under the unsavoury weight of criteriological egocentrism, detrimental to cognitive progress. As a credible alternative, this paper explores the epistemic fecundity of contextualistic pluralism – the pluralism of contextually underwritten cognitive positions – in truth and knowledge justification. It concludes with the relevance of this approach in epistemic justification as evident in its inclusive nature as well as its shift of the focus of philosophical thinking from identity to diversity in an interculturality society.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study Samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study Samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study Samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.